几种错误选项共有的特征是什么「几种错误选项共有的特征」

在考研英语阅读解题技巧当中，可能同学们更多地会见到对于正确选项特点的总结，告诉你什么样的选项才会是正确答案，因为根据命题规律，正确选项多多少少都有一些共同特征。同样地，根据命题人的出题规律，错误选项也会有一些共同的特征，我们通过识别这些特征，再结合学过的解题技巧以及对文章的理解，可以提高做对题的几率，这可以为基础较差但是想尽力拿分的同学们提供帮助。

这些特征分别是：

一、明显的细节拼凑

我们在判断选项正误的时候，通常会拿它来和原文进行对比，如果选项当中的词汇和原文的内容重复率高，那这个选项很可能是正确选项。但是在这里要注意一个问题，在对比词汇重复率的时候发现该选项的信息散落在文段的各处，可能是不同的分句，甚至是不同的段落，那我们就能够将之判断为细节拼凑。

试题举例：

(英二2019 text2)The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.

28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.

A. cultivate more drought-resistant trees

B. reduce the density of some of its forests

C. find more effective ways to kill insects

D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires

在该例题当中，D选项为错误答案。将该选项与原文进行匹配，发现Restore forest和Fire出现在不同的句子当中，这就是典型的细节拼凑。

二、距离定位句较远

经过对考生的行为分析，我们发现考生做题时都比较优柔寡断，瞻前顾后，选不出正确选项。这是因为受到了干扰选项的迷惑。我们做每个题型，都有相对应的定位方法，大部分情况我们可以定位到某个具体的句子。这种时候我们将选项和文章内容进行匹配，发现某个选项与文章定位句语意相符，即可确定该选项为正确答案。但是与此同时，考生发现在文章当中的其他句子，与其他选项也相符，这会让学生对正确选项产生怀疑。其实，如果选项不能匹配到定位句，并且距离定位距十分遥远，与定位句之间相隔数个句子，那么我们即可将之判断为错误选项，不要受到其干扰。

(英二2019 text4)My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may

A. mislead us into doing worthless things

B. prevent us from making further efforts

C. weaken our sense of accomplishment

D. suppress our desire for success

在该例题当中，根据题干关键词Moral licensing可定位至该文段的倒数第一句话，但是C选项当中的accomplishment可定位至文段的第二句话，两者相距较远，讲述内容与Moral licensing关系不大，无法解题，为错误选项。

三、偷换概念(扩大描述范围)

偷换概念也是十分典型的错误选项。原文中明确表述了某个事物，但是在错误选项中，会将该事物的本质范围扩大。如，原文表述道：小明不喜欢吃苹果。此时某个选项可能表述为：小明不喜欢吃水果。但小明不喜欢吃苹果，并不能表示他也不喜欢吃其他水果，所以该选项为错误答案。这就是通过扩大描述范围而进行的偷换概念。

(英一2016 text1)France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

[B]A Dilemma for the Starving models in France

[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

在该例题当中，解题句为该文段的第一句，讲述了在时尚行业当中女性人体美的定义问题。该题中D为错误选项，释义为“对时尚行业的巨大威胁”。但是由解题句可知，受到损害的是定义美的权利，而并没有上升到整个时尚行业，因而此处是偷换概念。

以上错误选项的特征并不能概括所有的可能性，并且也并非拥有以上特征的选项，就一定是错误选项。但是这些特征可以借由同学们参考，并结合解题技巧选出最符合的选项，同时也为基础较差的同学在看不懂文章时提供一丝帮助。